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Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1906)
Madison Square Presbyterian Church was a Presbyterian church in Manhattan, New York City, located on Madison Square Park at the northeast corner of East 24th Street and Madison Avenue. It was designed by Stanford White in a High Renaissance architectural style, with a prominent central dome over a cubical central space in an abbreviated Greek cross plan; it was built in 1906.〔(NYPL Digital Images )〕 The inaugural service was on 14 October.〔''Dedication of the Madison Square Presbyterian Church: Sunday, October fourteenth nineteen hundred and six; morning and evening service''.〕 The congregation's church had previously been located on the opposing, southeast corner of Madison and 24th Street, in a Gothic-style structure, also called the "Madison Square Presbyterian Church", whose cornerstone was laid in 1853 and which was completed the following year.〔Staff. ("Laying of the Corner-stone of Madison-square Presbyterian Church--Address by Rev. Dr. Adams." ), ''The New York Times'', July 13, 1853. Accessed November 16, 2010.〕 Metropolitan Life Insurance Company purchased the original site for the construction of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower, a 48-story building completed in 1909 which was the world's tallest building when it was constructed.〔Staff. ("RAZE PARKHURST CHURCH.; Famous Piece of Architecture Making Way for Office Building." ), ''The New York Times'', May 6, 1919. Accessed November 16, 2010.〕〔Ennis, Thomas W. ("1909 TOWER HERE GETTING NEW LOOK; Metropolitan Life Building Is Being Modernized Planned by LeBrun 1909 TOWER HERE GETTING NEW LOOK Chimes Silenced The 'Old' Garden Gone" ), ''The New York Times'', January 7, 1962. Accessed November 17, 2010.〕
==Architecture==
The new church, valued at $500,000 and called the "Parkhurst Church" after its pastor, Reverend Charles Henry Parkhurst, was described as "one of the most costly religious edifices in the city"; it was awarded the Gold Medal of Honor of the American Institute of Architects. To hold its own with the towering commercial blocks surrounding it, both built and to come, its entrance was through a portico supported by six pale green granite columns, fully 30 feet tall.〔William Mitchell Kendall, in Edward Warren Hoak, Willis Humphrey Church, eds. ''Masterpieces of American Architecture: Museums, Libraries, Churches and Other Public Buildings'', 1930:105 (reprinted 2002).〕
The building was raised on a marble plinth and built of specially molded bricks in two slightly varied tonalities in a diaper pattern and white and colored architectural terracotta details. It featured a low saucer dome covered in yellow and green tiling, with a prominent gilded lantern. The pediment sculptures by the German-born Adolph Alexander Weinman were tinted by the painter Henry Siddons Mowbray,〔Kendall 1930.〕 giving the building a polychromy unusual in American Beaux-Arts architecture. Extensive mosaics and Guastavino tile gave the interior a Byzantine aspect,〔It was called "a fine example of Byzantine architecture" by J.F.L. Collins, ''Both Sides of Fifth Avenue'', 1910, which may have inspired Nathan Silver to call it "Byzantine" when illustrating the exterior in ''Lost New York,'' (New York: Weathervane Books, 1967), p.148〕
The building's architectural style was described by a member of the firm in 1930 as "the Early Christian, with plan in the shape of the Greek cross, like the early Byzantine churches"〔Kendall 1930.〕 though a modern viewer would find closer parallels in High Renaissance centrally planned churches of the 16th century, or Andrea Palladio's ''Tempietto'' at the Villa Barbaro at Maser.
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